http://www.fuzzydogstudios.com/foot-shank/
Foot Shank
Foot Shank
The joint of the foot,
The comparative rarity of traumatic dislocations of the joints of the foot is directly dependent on the anatomical structure of her form and function. In addition to dislocations, the joints of the foot characterized by subluxation, isolated dislocations of the foot and the individual bones and sprains, in combination with fractures, which are most characteristic nadtarannogo joint. Unlike other joint reposition of dislocation of joints of the foot requires a longer period of fixation, as well as a more persistent functional therapy.
Nadtaranny joint is formed by the distal ends of leg bones, which formed a fork in the form of ankle articular fossa, are tight connection with the block of the talus, which serves as the articular head. Articular surface of both the form and in magnitude in the overall match. Joint capsule, passing on the Limits of the articular cartilage, encloses a cavity, which is adjacent to the joints of the message does not. Front and rear of the capsule is free and more subtle.
On both sides it is stretched and supported by strong ligaments, which originate from the tops of the ankles, fan out and attach to the underlying bones of the foot. Movement of foot carried out in anteroposterior direction through a single axis passing transversely through the talus. Since the last block has a certain slant, with the plantar flexion is bringing the moderate and supination of the foot, and at the back – abduction and pronation. In the anteroposterior direction of the amplitude of movement is possible within the limits of 60-80 °, with the underside of the foot flexion reaches 50 °, the back – 20 ° from the middle position when the foot with a shin forms a right angle. Strong lateral ligaments of the movement of almost excludes.
Podtaranny joint formed astragalocalcanean, the collision-navicular and calcaneal-cube-shaped joints. The first 2 joints in shape close to spherical and operate simultaneously, and their own movements are carried out only around one axis. The third joint, anatomically being independent, is a saddle, but operates as the previous ones. Isolated movements in these joints is practically impossible, so functionally they are treated as a single podtaranny joint, consisting of 4 bones. In it, unlike nadtarannogo predominate side movement – to bring and leads, supination and pronation, but in the anteroposterior direction they are impossible. Strong ligaments in conjunction with the complete congruence of the articular surfaces of joints makes podtaranny sufficiently stable to traumatic dislocation. Wedge-cuboid-navicular joint is formed of the same name bones, facing each other and share a joint cavity with a ledge schelsvidnym solid and tight posterior capsule, and three – to the front. From the back and sides plantar joint capsule reinforced by strong ligaments, strained between the bones that make up this joint. The latter is a typical amphiarthrosis with very insignificant sliding movement of one articular surface relative to another.
Tarsometatarsal joints are formed by five metatarsal bones, 3 cuneiform and cuboid. Moreover, the plane of articulation between the slightly convex anterior tarsal and bent backwards bases metatarsal bones represented a kind of a broken line, where the second metatarsus and second wedge his ledge backwards form a sort of castle, which almost completely eliminates lateral movement of the shank. Lisfrankovoe joint actually consists of 3 separate parts, each of which has its own joint capsule. All of them are closely linked interosseous ligaments, and on the back and plantar surfaces supported by additional ligaments. The volume of possible movements in the Lisfranc joint, as well as functional queries to him, very insignificant, so the dislocations in it is comparatively rare.
Metatarsus-metacarpophalangeal joints formed heads of metatarsal bones with them properly spherical shape and oval articular pits grounds phalanges. Joint capsule is free, with the back side of thin, on the plantar surface and the sides it is supported by ligaments. The plantar portion of the capsule of the thumb always includes 2 fairly large sesamoid bone, which at the head of the articular surface correspond to two quite pronounced deepening. In the metatarsal-phalanx joint may bend to a maximum of 30 °, extension to 60 °, and light rotary motion.
Interphalangeal joints located between adjacent phalanges of each finger. They all have the same anatomical structure and the form and function similar to the same wrist. Joint capsule is free, firmly established lateral ligaments, which are completely exclude the possibility of lateral movements.
About the Author
Ramiro
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